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What is physiotherapy?

Physiotherapy focuses on optimizing a person's movement and function to rehabilitate and improve physical abilities, alleviate pain, and prevent injury through a variety of techniques, exercises, and modalities. The treatment may include manual therapy, massage, therapeutic exercise, therapeutic activities, neuromuscular re-education, and modalities such as laser therapy, home exercise programs, ergonomic education, and specialized equipment – all to the end of helping patients recover from injuries, manage chronic conditions, and achieve overall physical well-being. Physiotherapy is beneficial for most neuromusculoskeletal conditions of the spine and extremities including back pain, neck pain, joint pain, sprain/strain injuries, overuse and repetitive motion injuries, arthritis, sciatica, etc.

Treatment Options

Manual therapy refers to skilled hands-on techniques to assess and treat musculoskeletal pain and movement disorders. It is commonly used in the treatment of conditions such as back pain, neck pain, joint injuries, sports injuries, and chronic pain syndromes.  Manual therapy includes techniques such as mobilization, manipulation, massage, myofascial release, manual traction.  Some therapists employ to manipulate the soft tissue. The primary goals of treatment are to improve range of motion, reduce pain, and improve function.

Therapeutic exercise is used to develop and improve strength, endurance, range of motion, and flexibility. Therapeutic exercise is directed to assess and focus on an individual’s functional goals. Therapeutic exercise is typically progressive, meaning treatment is started with gentle movements and gradually increases in intensity and complexity as the individual progresses in their rehabilitation. Therapeutic exercise plays a vital role in physiotherapy and rehabilitation. Therapeutic exercises are designed to address impairments and limitations in movement caused by musculoskeletal injury, sprain/strains, muscle weakness, and chronic pain. The goal of therapeutic exercise is to restore normal movement patterns, strength, flexibility, and endurance.

Different from therapeutic exercise, which primarily focuses on specific muscles and exercises, therapeutic activities are focused on addressing and managing any potential limitation or deficits in mobility, strength, balance or coordination concerning a specific activity of daily living or specific functional tasks relevant to the individual’s goals, such as walking, sitting, pushing, pulling, reaching, bending, climbing stairs, or lifting objects.   Treatments are one-on-one and include structured and purposeful physical or mental exercises and tasks designed to promote health, healing, or rehabilitation.

Neuromuscular reeducation plays an important role in the rehabilitation of individuals who have experienced injuries or other impairments affecting their neuromuscular system.   The aim is to restore normal movement patterns, coordination, balance, proprioception (awareness of body position), and muscle control. Neuromuscular reeducation focuses on correcting abnormal movement patterns and restoring proper muscle activation and coordination related to specific functional daily tasks. Therapy may include the use of equipment such as balance boards, stability balls, and proprioceptive drills with the use of hands-on guidance, verbal cues, visual feedback, and the use of assistive devices to develop and regain precise control over specific functional movements. 

Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), also known as cold laser therapy, is a non-invasive treatment that uses low-power lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to stimulate cellular function and promote healing. Unlike high-power lasers used in surgical procedures, LLLT operates at low intensities and does not produce heat, making it safe and painless for patients. The therapy involves directing low-intensity laser light onto a specific area of the body. The light energy is absorbed by cells, particularly in the mitochondria, which are the energy-producing components of cells. This absorption can enhance cellular metabolism, improve circulation, and accelerate tissue repair. The number of sessions required can vary depending on the condition being treated and the patient’s response.

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